It also played a role in the Chechen mistrust at the and a partial motivation for the subsequent declaration of independence in 1991 and the and in the 1990s and 2000s.
This eviction left a permanent scar in the memory of the survivors and their descendants.
The Russians, angered by issues over land ownership and job competition,.
Some exiles had to live in unheated tents.
There were no Chechen-language schools, leading to a lack of education of the populace which did not universally understand.
German journalist determined that 150,000 people did not survive the first four years of winter cold in Central Asia.